• br Materials and methods br Data and statistical analysis

  2019-07-31

  

  Materials and methods Data and statistical analysis The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni\'s post-test or unpaired Student\'s t-test were used to determine significant differences between groups. The program used for statistical

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Ischemic retinopathy

  2019-07-31

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Ischemic retinopathy is common to the major causes of blindness, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, venous occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity. The hypoxia that follows retinal capillary obliteration drives deregulated growth of new blood vessels

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We are

  2019-07-31

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We are grateful to Matthias Mayer at ZMBH in Heidelberg for access to his CD-spectrometer and his help in data interpretation. Technical support by Wolfgang Weinig is gratefully acknowledged. This project was financially supported by the European Union as part of t

• br Introduction Biocatalysis can be

  2019-07-31

  

  Introduction Biocatalysis can be used to synthesize chiral building blocks, such as monomers for polymer materials, and precursors for pharmaceuticals [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Enzymes are very suitable for catalyzing reactions with high enantioselectivity to obtain chiral products. For instance, alc

• DDR is characterized by an

  2019-07-31

  

  DDR2 is characterized by an N-terminal discoidin domain and a C-terminal kinase domain [7]. Characteristics of DDR1, which is a homologue of DDR2, have been extensively investigated in terms of expression level in cancer tissues and biological functions in normal and cancer cell conditions, but char

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2019-07-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We confirmed the published cDNA and protein sequence of feline CSF-1R and stably cloned the cat receptor into the Ba/F3 cell line. Activation of feline CSF-1R by recombinant human CSF-1 was previously tested by Woolford et al. [14]. Expression of onc

• To determine the time course of

  2019-07-31

  

  To determine the time course of ZD2767P+CPG2 DNA–DNA interstrand cross-link formation, HT29 and LS174T colorectal tumour SAR131675 were exposed to the drug for 10, 30 or 60 min. The levels of DNA interstrand cross-links in HT29 or LS174T cells did not increase with exposure time, suggesting that ZD

• Here we show that cpg is expressed

  2019-07-31

  

  Here, we show that cpg2 is expressed only in the Myosmine for and encodes a protein that localizes specifically to the postsynaptic endocytic zone of excitatory synapses. We present evidence that CPG2 is a critical component of the postsynaptic endocytic pathway that mediates both constitutive and a

• MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that orchestra

  2019-07-31

  

  MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that orchestrate various cellular response in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, stress response, and energy metabolism [11]. There are at least four major members including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activat

• Our results indicate an OT

  2019-07-31

  

  Our results indicate an OT-specific activation of PKR that inactivates eIF2a and may, by this means, reduce protein translation by utilizing only select sensors and mediators of the UPR (i.e., avoiding significant PERK activation). Interferon is a PKR activator [32] that temporarily subdues cellular

• Based on the above background gliptins may exert natriuretic

  2019-07-31

  

  Based on the above background, gliptins may exert natriuretic and diuretic effects as well [[112], [119]]. In accordance with this, Girardi and co-workers have demonstrated a physical interplay between DPP-4 and the NHE3 exchanger in the brush-border epithelium of the proximal renal tubule, suggesti

• In humans individual differences in

  2019-07-30

  

  In humans, individual differences in prefrontal dopamine are partially caused by the Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism on the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT). This gene controls activity of the COMT enzyme, which degrades extracellular catecholamines including dopamine. The Val varia

• Two additional hydrogen bonds are formed

  2019-07-30

  

  Two additional hydrogen-bonds are formed by the -substituted methoxy-group with Ser and Asp. Ser exerts the role of a gate keeper in CK1: Entry of the ATP in the binding-site causes a conformational change into the closed form by Ser, which locks the binding-site and prevents ATP-diffusion out of th

• Although the mechanisms underlying the EP

  2019-07-30

  

  Although the mechanisms underlying the EP4-mediated increase in the frequency of mEPSCs via PGE2 remain unclear, mechanisms similar to those driven by EP2 may be involved because activation of both these receptor subtypes increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (Nishigaki et al., 1995, Sug

• br Conclusion The past few years

  2019-07-30

  

  Conclusion The past few years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding the structural mechanisms of substrate recognition and the reactions catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes, but more work remains. In particular, future research will be needed to establish how OGT and OGA inte

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