• ERR is constitutively active in

  2020-06-15

  

  ERRγ is constitutively active in the absence of endogenous ligand. However, several synthetic ligands that can repress or induce ERRγ function by disrupting ERRγ-coactivator interactions have been reported to date. The estrogen receptor modulators diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-O

• Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine

  2020-06-15

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

• br Concluding Remarks Recent studies have

  2020-06-15

  

  Concluding Remarks Recent studies have provided unprecedented details of APC/C structure and enzymology, which explain how the activity of this massive E3 ligase is controlled, and how ubiquitylation is achieved to temporally regulate cell division. Although one pervasive question has been why th

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-06-15

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Atherosclerosis is the number one cause of death in the United States and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally [1]. Inflammation is critical in all stages of atherosclerosis from the formation of a plaque in the ves

• The E enzyme is the apex for downstream

  2020-06-15

  

  The E1 enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic cascades and signaling pathways mediated by Ub and Ub-like proteins (Ubls) (Pickart, 2001). Studying characteristics of E1 and its catalytic functions may throw light to the role of ubiquitination in cell development. All known eukaryotic E1 are mon

• Over the past decade targeting DNA

  2020-06-15

  

  Over the past decade, targeting DNA repair proteins has emerged as an effective tool to enhance chemosensitivity of malignant cells [9]. However, identification and selection of the proper target of DNA repair pathways is critical to increase cytotoxic activity of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer c

• br Experiments and Methods br Results and Discussion br

  2020-06-15

  

  Experiments and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Here, the interactions between two newly-synthesized carbazole derivative—cationic δ,δ′‑diazacarbazoles and DNA were characterized by several spectroscopic means, including UV–Vis and fluorescence, AFM and fluorescence imaging. The

• br In some but not all human vessels a small

  2020-06-13

  

  In some, but not all, human vessels, a small population of ETB (usually aspartame products sale with atherosclerotic lesions did not show any increase. In agreement, in experimental medicine studies in both heart failure patients and volunteer controls, selective ETA antagonism (BQ123) caused the

• br Materials and Methods br Acknowledgements

  2020-06-13

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank Mr. Pritam Naskar and Mr. Dibya Mukherjee for their help. Authors also acknowledge the help of Mr. Barun Mahata and Dr. Kaushik Biswas, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, for human cDNA samples. P.A.B. and A.B.D. w

• br Results and Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Ackn

  2020-06-13

  

  Results and Discussion Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is important for biological processes such as protein degradation and protein function regulation. In general, poly-ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by proteasomes, and some proteins a

• Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupt Maxim Maxim is a

  2020-06-13

  

  Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupt. & Maxim.) Maxim is a shrub belonging to the Araliaceae, which is commonly distributed in China, Korea, Japan and Russia. It has been traditionally used as folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, and hepatitis (Nan et al., 2004). Recent phytochemical

• Functionally all members of the IL family have been annotate

  2020-06-13

  

  Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-06-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Intra-BNST injections of NOC-9 (at all doses) were able to produce freezing and anxiogenic-like effects. Freezing was observed immediately after the NO donor injection and lasted about 2–3min (data not shown). When exposed to the EPM 5min after intra

• We did not observe inhibition of

  2020-06-12

  

  We did not observe inhibition of vCPH by any of the TCA cycle intermediates (apart from the metal chelators citrate and isocitrate), nor by the factor inhibiting HIF (FIH; a 2OG-dependent asparaginyl hydroxylase) inhibitor N-oxalyl d-phenylalanine (NOF) or the γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase inhibitor m

• The immune control of CMV replication in vivo is

  2020-06-12

  

  The immune control of CMV replication in vivo is primarily driven by the T-cell-mediated response, a characteristic that has been proposed as a tool to individualize and therefore to optimize antiviral treatment [6], [7], and it has been associated with spontaneous clearance of CMV viraemia in patie

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