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br EBV Infection Epstein Barr virus EBV human herpesvirus wa
2019-07-25
EBV Infection Epstein–Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) was discovered 50 years ago, when Epstein, Achong, and Barr used electron microscopy to identify viral particles in Burkitt\'s lymphoma cells. It belongs to the lymphocryptovirus (LCV) genus of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily (Fig. 1A). T
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Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition Fig
2019-07-25
Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition (Figure 5A) may also contribute to the selective effects of DHODH inhibitors on KRAS mutant cells. If so, the effect may arise more from pro-apoptotic effects of mitochondrial depolarization (Lemasters et al., 1998) than from impaired oxidativ
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The large body of structural knowledge that is
2019-07-25
The large body of structural knowledge that is currently available for CRM1 has contributed to atomic level and mechanistic understanding of many steps in the CRM1 nuclear export cycle. However, structural analysis could still inform on several outstanding questions and guide future discoveries pert
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More recently it was discovered that BChE
2019-07-25
More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our ow
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Although intact Chk is distributed throughout the nucleus an
2019-07-25
Although intact Chk is distributed throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Fig. 1), the deletion of the SH2 domain greatly augments nuclear localization of Chk. The SH2 domain-deleted mutants might lose the ability to localize to the exterior of the nucleus due to a lack of the binding to a hypoth
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br Introduction Cell transplantation therapies using
2019-07-25
Introduction Cell transplantation therapies using embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal tissue (ESC/iPSC retina) or Antagonist G have emerged as therapeutic options for retinal degeneration following recent breakthroughs. A number of groups have shown
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Our study shows that deletion of Dpf in mouse ESCs
2019-07-25
Our study shows that Ponesimod of Dpf2 in mouse ESCs decreased their self-renewal ability and dramatically impaired their differentiation into mesoderm and endoderm while promoting neural ectoderm differentiation. The differentiation defect to meso-endoderm could be rescued by restoring Tbx3 levels
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Which other approaches can complement
2019-07-25
Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics to paint a more complete picture of developmental Erk signaling? For now, the authors have dynamically manipulated Erk signaling but measured the Erk output at steady-state using classic immunofluorescence techniques (Johnson and Toettcher
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In conclusion we demonstrate that
2019-07-25
In conclusion we demonstrate that infection of salmon cells with ISAV induce the main branches of the cellular UPR machinery, but also one of its main negative regulators, GADD34. This is probably important for maintaining translation of interferon and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), keeping ISA
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br Acknowledgements The present study was
2019-07-25
Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the Medical Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province2014KYA228 (Zhijun Zhou), 2016KYA195 (Jie Li) and 2017KY714 (Qingqing Xia); Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaQ17H120001 (Jie Li); and Scientific Research Projec
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Fear like behaviors are produced by intracerebroventricular
2019-07-24
Fear-like behaviors are produced by intracerebroventricular CRF administration (Meloni et al., 2006, Radulovic et al., 1999), as well its administration into specific PI-103 for areas such as the amygdala (Daniels et al., 2004, Donatti and Leite-Panissi, 2011), the periaqueductal gray matter (Marti
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With regards to translational development of SMEPT we
2019-07-24
With regards to translational development of SMEPT, we acknowledge that we are not aware of any trials currently underway to validate this methodology in clinical settings. It appears fair to say that enthusiasm and commitment from corporate developers does not match that of academic partners. One r
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Oysters belong to the second largest animal
2019-07-24
Oysters belong to the second largest animal phylum Mollusca, and they are globally distributed aquaculture animals (Wang et al., 2018). A number of studies have demonstrated that oysters have evolved an integrated and complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders. An array
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Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate
2019-07-24
Introduction Fish commonly employ pheromones to regulate a variety of functions including reproductive communication [1]. Reproductive pheromones induce both primer effects, such as changes in the endocrine or physiological state of conspecifics, and releaser effects such as rapid behavioral respon
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Some family I DNA ligases can use
2019-07-24
Some family I DNA ligases can use dATP as nucleotide cofactor. For instance, human bax inhibitor I uses dATP with a catalytic efficiency that is only 36-fold lower in comparison to ATP [9]. EhDNAlig is unable to use dATP as a nucleotide cofactor, indicating a more constrained active site in compari
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